What Does a Router Do?

A router is an essential device in network technology that controls data traffic between different networks. It enables the connection of devices such as computers, smartphones, and tablets to the internet and ensures that data reaches its destination efficiently.

Main Functions

Using routing tables and protocols, the router finds the best path for data packets—hence its name. It forwards data packets between networks and thus has a data transmission function. Since modern versions often feature an integrated firewall that protects the network from unauthorized access, they also enhance data security.

Differences from Other Devices

A hub distributes data packets to all network devices without destination analysis.
A switch forwards data specifically to the correct device.
The router, on the other hand, connects different networks and determines the best paths for data.

Routing Principles

The principle of static routing contrasts with dynamic routing: in the former, routes are manually configured and offer high control but low flexibility. With dynamic routing, the router automatically adapts to changes in the network and uses protocols such as OSPF and BGP.

Application Areas

In home networks, routers provide WLAN, firewall, and simple management. In enterprise networks, they connect many devices and support VPNs as well as QoS (Quality of Service) for prioritized data traffic. They are also required in industry and by internet service providers: here, high-performance routers handle large data traffic volumes.