Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is a security method where users confirm their identity by entering two different verifiable pieces of information from different categories. These categories include knowledge factors, possession factors, and inherent factors.
2FA: How it works
The user enters the first verifiable piece of information: This can be a password or PIN (knowledge factor). After successfully entering the first information, the system requests a second verifiable piece of information. This can be a one-time password (possession factor) or a fingerprint (inherent factor). It then compares both pieces of information with the stored authentication data. If both match, the system grants the user access – if the data doesn’t match, it denies access.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
- The method offers higher security as it combines two different factors.
- It reduces the risk of unauthorized access as two factors must be compromised.
Disadvantages:
- Users face increased effort as two steps are required for verification.
- The method comes with potentially higher implementation costs.
Application examples of 2FA
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is used in many areas. It increases security when accessing systems and services. This is the case in the following contexts:
Online banking and financial services
Bank accounts: In addition to their password, customers enter a code sent to their mobile phone. Only then can they access their online banking account.
Credit card transactions: When shopping online, users may need to enter a code. The code is sent to their registered phone number to confirm the transaction.
Corporate network and VPN
VPN access: In addition to their password, employees enter a code provided via an authenticator app or SMS. After that, they can access the corporate network.
Healthcare
Electronic health records: Doctors and patients enter a code in addition to their password. They receive this via SMS or through an authenticator app. This better protects access to sensitive health data.
Here is more information on Two-Factor Authentication.
