What is Two-Factor Authentication?
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is a security method where users confirm their identity by entering two different verifiable pieces of information from different categories. These categories include knowledge factors, possession factors, and inherent factors.
2FA: How it works
The user enters the first verifiable piece of information: This can be a password or PIN (knowledge factor). After successfully entering the first information, the system requests a second verifiable piece of information. This can be a one-time password (possession factor) or a fingerprint (inherent factor). It then compares both pieces of information with the stored authentication data. If both match, the system grants the user access – if the data doesn’t match, it denies access.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
- The method offers higher security as it combines two different factors.
- It reduces the risk of unauthorized access as two factors must be compromised.
Disadvantages:
- Users face increased effort as two steps are required for verification.
- The method comes with potentially higher implementation costs.
Application examples of 2FA
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is used in many areas. It increases security when accessing systems and services. This is the case in the following contexts:
Online banking and financial services
Bank accounts: In addition to their password, customers enter a code sent to their mobile phone. Only then can they access their online banking account.
Credit card transactions: Users may need to enter a code when making online purchases. The code is sent to their registered phone number to confirm the transaction.
Corporate network and VPN
VPN access: Employees enter a code provided via an authenticator app or SMS in addition to their password. After that, they can access the company network.
Healthcare
Electronic health records: Doctors and patients enter a code in addition to their password. They receive this via SMS or through an authenticator app. This provides better protection for access to sensitive health data.
Here is more information on Two-Factor Authentication.
